FY 2002 Columbia Plateau proposal 199000500

Section 1. Administrative

Proposal titleUmatilla Fish Hatchery Monitoring and Evaluation
Proposal ID199000500
OrganizationOregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW)
Proposal contact person or principal investigator
NameRichard W. Carmichael
Mailing address211 Inlow Hall, EOU, 1410 "L" Avenue La Grande, OR 97850
Phone / email5419623777 / rcarmich@eou.edu
Manager authorizing this projectRichard W. Carmichael
Review cycleColumbia Plateau
Province / SubbasinColumbia Plateau / Umatilla
Short descriptionEvaluate juvenile rearing, adult survival, stock life history, straying, fish health and sport fishing and catch contribution for salmon and steelhead reared in oxygen supplemented and standard raceways at Umatilla Hatchery.
Target speciesSummer steelhead Spring and Fall Chinook Salmon
Project location
LatitudeLongitudeDescription
45.9062 -119.4951 Umatilla Hatchery is located on the Columbia River, Irrigon, Oregon.
Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives (RPAs)

Sponsor-reported:

RPA

Relevant RPAs based on NMFS/BPA review:

Reviewing agencyAction #BiOp AgencyDescription
NMFS/BPA Action 184 NMFS The Action Agencies and NMFS shall work within regional prioritization and congressional appropriation processes to establish and provide the appropriate level of FCRPS funding for a hatchery research, monitoring, and evaluation program consisting of studies to determine whether hatchery reforms reduce the risk of extinction for Columbia River basin salmonids and whether conservation hatcheries contribute to recovery.

Section 2. Past accomplishments

YearAccomplishment
1992 A study to evaluate rearing chinook salmon and steelhead in standard and oxygen supplemented raceways was initiated.
1992 Hatchery monitoring of steelhead revealed severe caudal fin erosion and led to a reduction in rearing densities.
1992 Fish health monitoring and evaluation began in the fall of 1991. This was the beginning of systematic documentation for pathogens and disease in the new Umatilla Hatcheries Oregon and Michigan raceways.
1993 Body tagging was elimiated from the tagging and marking program because it was found to be too costly and time consuming to be useful as a mass mark..
1993 Determined that spring released, subyearling spring chinook had a higher level of BKD than the fall released group and some reduction in survival was anticipated.
1993 A comparison was made between the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of R. salmoninarum. At subclinical infection levels the DFAT was found to be an unreliable indicator of infection.
1994 More than 2.4 million fall chinook salmon were marked with blank-wire tags to improve the detection of strays at Snake River dams.
1994 Releases of subyearling spring chinook salmon were eliminated based on juvenile rearing evaluations. Growth and juvenile performance were significantly less than expected.
1994 There were significantly higher mortalities in Michigan raceways over that in Oregon raceways for the fall release fish, however no differences in mortality rates were found between upper, middle and lower Michigan raceways.
1995 Measurements of ATPase showed that smolts reared in standard and high density raceways developed at similar rates, but data obtained did not provide additional information on the optimum release date.
1995 Bacterial kidney disease infected a significant number of juvenile spring chinook salmon reared at Umatilla Hatchery.
1995 There was no signigicant evidence supporting horizontal transmission of R. salmoninarum between first pass and re-use water raceways at Umatilla Hatchery.
1996 Continued production of steelhead in O2-supplemented raceways was recommended. The production per gallon of water in Michigan raceways was 40% greater than Oregon raceways.
1996 Angler effort was estimated at >2900 hours and the quota of 206 spring chinook salmon was reached for the 1996 fishery.
1996 Samples from marked, returning adult chinook salmon were collected to make assessments of how rearing strategy might be affecting BKD and survival to adulthood.
1997 A study to evaluate rearing subyearling fall chinook salmon at three densities was initiated. Growth and condition were similar for fish from all raceways.
1997 A recommendation was made to continue wire tagging 100% of fall chinook salmon. Fifty Umatilla fish were detected at Lower Granite Dam. Five of the 50 fish that strayed escaped past the trap at Lower Granite Dam.
1997 More than 10% of returning adult steelhead to the Umatilla River were hatchery strays. As a result, tags from broodstock were examined prior to spawning.
1997 Adult spring chinook salmon reared as juveniles at Bonneville and Umatilla Hatcheries, and spawned at South Fork Walla Walla Adult Facility, exhibited low levels of R. salmoninarum.
1998 We recommended earlier release of the late-release group of steelhead. Survival of early-release groups averaged 0.83% compared to 0.13% for late group.
1998 There was no significant difference in relative survival during migration among PIT-tagged, subyearling fall chinook salmon reared at three densities.
1999 Radio telemetry monitoring of steelhead showed poor outmigration performance of groups released in May and management changes to improve survival were recommended.
1999 Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was found in 42.0% of spring chinook females spawned at South Fork Walla adult facility.
2000 Low smolt-to-adult survival of subyearling fall chinook prompted a temporary reduction from 2.7 million to 600 thousand smolts produced at Umatilla Hatchery. Monitoring and evaluation of lower river acclimatation and release strategies is a priority.

Section 3. Relationships to other projects

Project IDTitleDescription
20516 Umatilla Subbasin Umatilla Subbasin Umbrella
8903500 Umatilla Hatchery O&M Rearing facility for yearling spring chinook, subyearling fall chinook and summer steelhead released into the Umatilla River.
8343500 Umatilla Hatchery Satelite Facilities O&M The satelite facilities are used for acclimation and releases of Umatilla Hatchery production, and brood stock collection for the chinook and steelhead production programs.
8902401 Umatilla River Juvenile Salmonid Outmigration and Survival M&E The Juvenile Salmonid Outmigration and Survival M&E project operates and maintains the PIT-tag interogation station at West Extension Facility. The Hatchery M&E project relies on PIT-tag detection for hatchery smolt survival estimates.
9000501 Umatilla River Natural Production M&E The Umatilla River Natural Production M&E provides estimates of the Umatilla Hatchery produced fish that spawn and contribute to natural production in the Umatilla River.

Section 4. Budget for Planning and Design phase

Task-based budget
ObjectiveTaskDuration in FYsEstimated 2002 costSubcontractor
Outyear objectives-based budget
ObjectiveStarting FYEnding FYEstimated cost
Outyear budgets for Planning and Design phase

Section 5. Budget for Construction and Implementation phase

Task-based budget
ObjectiveTaskDuration in FYsEstimated 2002 costSubcontractor
1. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics and straying of Umatilla Hatchery reared subyearling fall chinook salmon from lower and upper river releases and acclimation strategies. a. Coded-wire-tag 100% of the production and recover tag data to assess survival, life history information, straying and fishery contribution. 4 $113,482
1. b. PIT-tag salmon from each release and acclimation strategy to determine juvenile migration success in the Umatilla and Columbia Rivers. 4 $30,258
2. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics and straying of yearling spring chinook salmon from an overwinter, coldwater acclimation strategy and a spring acclimation strategy. a. Coded-wire-tag 40% of the production and recover tag data to assess survival, life history information, straying and fishery contribution. 2 $42,909
2. b. PIT-tag salmon from each release and acclimation strategy to determine juvenile migration success in the Umatilla and Columbia Rivers. 2 $29,913
3. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics and straying of summer steelhead reared in Michigan raceways and released at lower and upper river sites. a. Coded-wire-tag 40% of the production and recover tag data to assess survival, life history information, straying and fishery contribution. 3 $23,920
3. b. PIT tag summer steelhead from each release strategy to determine juvenile migration success in the Umatilla and Columbia Rivers. 3 $35,783
Outyear objectives-based budget
ObjectiveStarting FYEnding FYEstimated cost
1. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics and straying of Umatilla Hatchery reared subyearling fall chinook salmon from lower and upper river releases and acclimation strategies. 2003 2005 $457,615
2. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics and straying of yearling spring chinook salmon from an overwinter, coldwater acclimation strategy and a spring acclimation strategy. 2003 2003 $75,007
3. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics and straying of summer steelhead reared in Michigan raceways and released at lower and upper river sites. 2003 2004 $124,833
Outyear budgets for Construction and Implementation phase
FY 2003FY 2004FY 2005
$284,553$215,833$157,069

Section 6. Budget for Operations and Maintenance phase

Task-based budget
ObjectiveTaskDuration in FYsEstimated 2002 costSubcontractor
Outyear objectives-based budget
ObjectiveStarting FYEnding FYEstimated cost
Outyear budgets for Operations and Maintenance phase

Section 7. Budget for Monitoring and Evaluation phase

Task-based budget
ObjectiveTaskDuration in FYsEstimated 2002 costSubcontractor
4. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics, straying and cost effectiveness of subyearling fall chinook salmon reared at three densities in Michigan raceways. a. Recover coded-wire-tag data to assess survival, life history information, straying and fishery contribution. 4 $630
4. b. Attain hatchery records to determine growth rates and food conversion for cost effectiveness estimates 1 $4,115
5. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics, and cost effectiveness of subyearling fall chinook salmon reared in Michigan and Oregon raceways. a. Recover coded-wire tag data to assess survival, life history information, straying and fishery contribution. 1 $630
5. b. Attain hatchery records to determine growth rates and food conversion for cost effectiveness estimates. 1 $4,115
6. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics and straying of yearling fall chinook salmon reared at Bonneville Hatchery and subyearling fall chinook reared at Umatilla Hatchery and released in the Umatilla River. a. Recover coded-wire-tag data to assess survival, life history information, straying and fishery contribution. 4 $44,853
6. b. PIT- tag salmon from each release and acclimation strategy to determine juvenile migration success in the Umatilla and Columbia Rivers. 4 $13,416
7. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics, straying and cost effectiveness of yearling spring chinook salmon reared in Michigan and Oregon raceways. a. Recover coded-wire-tag data to assess survival, life history information, straying and fishery contribution. 3 $630
7. b. Attain hatchery records to determine growth rates and food conversion for cost effectiveness estimates. 1 $4,115
8. Determine and compare rearing performance, smolt condition, juvenile migration, smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics, and cost effectiveness of yearling spring chinook salmon from Umatilla and Little White Salmon Hatcheries. a. Recover coded-wire-tag data to assess survival, life history information, straying and fishery contribution. Ongoing $630
8. b. PIT-tag salmon from each release and acclimation strategy to determine juvenile migration success in the Umatilla and Columbia Rivers. Ongoing $7,265
8. c. Attain hatchery records to determine growth rates and food conversion for cost effectiveness estimates. Ongoing $2,000
9. Monitor annual recreational fishery for salmon and steelhead in the Umatilla River. a. Estimate effort, catch, harvest, and number harvested by tag code for all recreational fisheries. Ongoing $69,855
10. Participate in planning and coordination activities in the Umatilla basin. a. Participate in technical work groups and task teams to ensure research findings and activities are incorporated into annual Umatilla Hatchery production plans. Ongoing $55,633
11. Disseminate results and recommendations. a. Prepare annual report, and peer-reviewed journal manuscripts. Ongoing $61,816
12. Monitor and evaluate the health and disease status of salmon and steelhead reared at Umatilla Hatchery, fish transferred to acclimation facilities in the Umatilla Basin, and adult broodstock providing gametes for the Umatilla Program. a. Monitor and evaluate the health of fish reared at Umatilla Hatchery. Ongoing $48,126
12. b. Prior to liberation, conduct fish health examinations Ongoing $9,711
12. c. Implement disease control measures and recommend adjustments to rearing strategies Ongoing $6,817
12. d. Monitor returning adults for R. salmoninarum. Ongoing $7,115
13. Monitor and evaluate the health of hatchery or natural migrants from the Umatilla River. a. Conduct fish health examinations on mortalities provided by the Umatilla River outmigration and survival project Ongoing $8,441
Outyear objectives-based budget
ObjectiveStarting FYEnding FYEstimated cost
4. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics, straying and cost effectiveness of subyearling fall chinook salmon reared at three densities in Michigan raceways. 2003 2004 $2,006
5. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics, and cost effectiveness of subyearling fall chinook salmon reared in Michigan and Oregon raceways. 2002 2002 $0
6. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics and straying of yearling fall chinook salmon reared at Bonneville Hatchery and subyearling fall chinook reared at Umatilla Hatchery and released in the Umatilla River. 2003 2005 $185,507
7. Determine and compare smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics, straying and cost effectiveness of yearling spring chinook salmon reared in Michigan and Oregon raceways. 2003 2004 $1,317
8. Determine and compare rearing performance, smolt condition, juvenile migration, smolt-to-adult survival, life history characteristics, and cost effectiveness of yearling spring chinook salmon from Umatilla and Little White Salmon Hatcheries. 2003 2006 $40,393
9. Monitor annual recreational fishery for salmon and steelhead in the Umatilla River 2003 2006 $301,015
10. Participate in planning and coordination activities in the Umatilla basin. 2003 2006 $239,730
11. Disseminate results and recommendations. 2003 2006 $266,374
12. Monitor and evaluate the health and disease status of salmon and steelhead reared at Umatilla Hatchery, fish transferred to acclimation facilities in the Umatilla Basin, and adult broodstock providing gametes for the Umatilla Program. 2003 2006 $309,262
13. Monitor and evaluate the health of hatchery or natural migrants from the Umatilla River. 2003 2006 $36,736
Outyear budgets for Monitoring and Evaluation phase
FY 2003FY 2004FY 2005FY 2006
$346,828$357,015$366,819$311,314

Section 8. Estimated budget summary

Itemized budget
ItemNoteFY 2002 cost
Personnel $239,460
Fringe $94,757
Supplies $153,292
Travel 60% of this item is for creel surveys $17,760
Indirect $101,559
Capital $0
NEPA $0
PIT tags # of tags: 8600 $19,350
Subcontractor $0
Other $0
$626,178
Total estimated budget
Total FY 2002 cost$626,178
Amount anticipated from previously committed BPA funds$0
Total FY 2002 budget request$626,178
FY 2002 forecast from 2001$765,532
% change from forecast-18.2%
Reason for change in estimated budget

The most significant change in cost is from the temporary reduction of subyearling fall chinook production from 2.7 million to 600 thousand fish at Umatilla Hatchery. The National Marine Fisheries Service mandates 100% wire tagging of all fall chinook produced at Umatilla Hatchery, NMFS Biological Opinion, Section 7 consultation.

Cost sharing
OrganizationItem or service providedAmountCash or in-kind

Reviews and recommendations

This information was not provided on the original proposals, but was generated during the review process.

Recommendation:
Fundable only if response is adequate
Date:
Jun 15, 2001

Comment:

Fundable if adequate responses are given to ISRP concerns. There is a need for hatchery monitoring and evaluation. However, the project should be redirected to address more pressing, current issues. The proposal produces the usual hatchery release data, smolt numbers, eggs, health checks, etc., which is required, but what of the real goal, i.e., adult returns and catch? The HGMP seems thorough however, but with conflicting goals. Note that the system produces about 50,000 wild smolts (is that near capacity?) while 150,000 hatchery steelhead smolts are released, yet the return is reported to be comprised of 25% hatchery fish. (0.08 to 0.9%, 1991 to 1995), from 110 wild and 15 hatchery broodstock (why the latter?). In other words, the returns are only just above replacement for hatchery recruitment in some years. Would it have been better to let the wild broodstock spawn naturally?

The use of oxygen has been demonstrated to increase the carrying capacity of raceways sufficiently that more returning adults will result per unit of water used. This is particularly important in the Umatilla Hatchery where the water supply is only 1/3 of what was planned for the facility. Given the experience with the use of oxygen here and elsewhere it is now time to move on to address other questions. A summary report and review of literature should be published. The SRT (1999) brought forward some guidelines for research to resolve questions about the technology and management of hatcheries. One crucial problem the SRT identified was the absence of measurement of the full contribution of individual hatcheries to fisheries and to spawning escapement. A full accounting for removals by any and all sources of mortality is needed. They also pointed out the need for more information on relative return rates of fish released at different times and or sizes, particularly in the context of the timing and size of smolts produced in the wild. More information is needed on effects of planted fish on smolts already in the stream, both as to their migratory behavior and survival. This proposal should demonstrate close coordination with # 199000501, Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project.

The response should outline a process for obtaining the new kinds of data suggested by the ISRP, or a process for redirecting the emphasis of the studies. The oxygen study, if any, should be correlated with the Willamette Michigan Raceway studies.


Recommendation:
High Priority
Date:
Aug 3, 2001

Comment:


Recommendation:
Do Not Fund
Date:
Aug 10, 2001

Comment:

Not fundable as stands. Fundable if a more detailed review of the project is provided that addresses the ISRP questions. ODFW responded to all of the ISRP questions. It would also assist reviewers if the goals were clearly stated based on a review of the available evidence and literature, presentation of available data, and with well-defined experimental designs to assess the achievement of these goals. What is the desired hatchery:wild ratio and why? Would wild adult returns remain constant (as they appear to have been from 1992 to 1999), increase, decrease or otherwise be unaffected by hatchery fish presence compared to controls? What is the number of replicates needed to answer this question? The monitoring should continue but there must be more effort in either the presentation of the evaluation process or in development of it. For example, an experiment to assess the contribution of hatchery fish to the natural spawning of summer steelhead (a goal of this proposal) may require some or all of the information that is proposed to be collected, but perhaps an alternative approach is available that addresses the numerical (abundance and survival) and biological (morphology and genetics) response, and population fitness in the longer term.

Investigators in the Tucannon have concluded that supplementation does not work, and this study shows that survival of hatchery fish relative to wild is low. The latter may also degrade natural production. How do these results influence the goals and objectives of this program?


Recommendation:
Date:
Oct 1, 2001

Comment:

Statement of Potential Biological Benefit to ESU
Assesses the reproductive success of natural spawning hatchery fish.

Comments
Potential for also contributing to RPA 182 (assessing reproductive success of hatchery fish). MULTIPLE refers to MCR SH and MCR SCH; SR FC and SSCH

Already ESA Req? NO

Biop? NO


Recommendation:
Rank A
Date:
Oct 16, 2001

Comment:

A considerable amount of the research here is a comparison of different types of hatchery raceways. We need to consider whether enough knowledge has been gained given the number of years this evaluation has been funded. Before funding, ODFW and CTUIR should prepare an efficiency analysis. In addition, this project's focus has moved from evaluating the lower river facilities to assisting in tagging additional fish in a cooperative effort with CTUIR. Perhaps it's time to refocus all research in the Umatilla basin. It appears that the CTUIR and ODFW have arbitrarily divided the duties between ODFW (hatchery evaluation) and natural production (CTUIR). With the winding down of hatchery evaluations, ODFW is refocusing and is doing more 'natural production' work. This project might be fundable if a more detailed project description addressed the questions raised by the ISRP.
Recommendation:
Fund
Date:
Jan 3, 2002

Comment:

ISRP" Disagree - Not Fundable" recommendation for the Umatilla Fish Hatchery Monitoring and Evaluation - Project 199000500.

Evaluate juvenile rearing, adult survival, stock life history, straying, fish health and sport fishing and catch contribution for salmon and steelhead reared in oxygen supplemented and standard raceways at Umatilla Hatchery.

Staff recommendation: A determination is needed to ensure that the stated purpose for the artificial production initiative and specific goal and objectives can be assessed under the current study designs. This determination needs to be completed prior to future commitment to the program and Council staff suggests that this be conducted by the ISRP. This review needs to address not only the overarching goal of the assessment, but also the specific questions in the ISRP review (ISRP Document 2001-8). In addition the long-term outcome from the evaluation as it relates to the artificial production initiative being monitored needs to be addressed. Budget reflects the anticipation of the project Implementation and out-year-funding dependant on the review.

Council staff and ISRP will determine an approach to conduct an additional review. This will most likely will involve an additional submittal and may involve ISRP and sponsor interaction via teleconference.

Budget effect on base program (Project 199000500):

FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004
Increase $626,178 Increase $631,381 Increase $572,848

Recommendation:
Fund
Date:
Mar 6, 2002

Comment:


Recommendation:
Fund
Date:
Sep 20, 2003

Comment:

Have not marked spring chinook yet, so late accrual. Project subject to programmatic issue of study design for M&E.
Recommendation:
Date:
Sep 20, 2003

Comment:

FY 04 increase above recommended due to greater cost of marking and tagging of spring chinook. FY05 cost increase due to COLA
REVIEW:
NW Power and Conservation Council's FY 2006 Project Funding Review
Funding category:
expense
Date:
May 2005
FY05 NPCC start of year:FY06 NPCC staff preliminary:FY06 NPCC July draft start of year:
$572,848 $572,848 $572,848

Sponsor comments: See comment at Council's website