Section 1. Administrative
| Proposal title | Assessment of Smolt Condition: Biological and Environmental Interactions |
| Proposal ID | 198740100 |
| Organization | U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Western Fisheries Research Center, Columbia River Research Laboratory (USGS) |
| Proposal contact person or principal investigator |
| Name | Robin M. Schrock , Alec G. Maule, Ph.D. |
| Mailing address | 5501A Cook-Underwood Road Cook, WA 98605 |
| Phone / email | 5095382299 / Robin_Schrock@usgs.gov |
| Manager authorizing this project | James Seelye Ph.D. |
| Review cycle | FY 2001 Ongoing |
| Province / Subbasin | Systemwide / Systemwide |
| Short description | Provide technical research support to hatchery and regional fishery managers to determine interactions between juvenile salmonid physiological development and the environment affecting smoltification, disease resistance, and smolt-to-adult returns. |
| Target species | |
Project location
| Latitude | Longitude | Description |
|---|
Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives (RPAs)
Relevant RPAs based on NMFS/BPA review:
| Reviewing agency | Action # | BiOp Agency | Description |
|---|
Section 2. Past accomplishments
| Year | Accomplishment |
|---|
| 1999 |
Schrock, R. M., R. E. Reagan, P. A. Petrusso, and J. Coyle. Assessment and Analysis of Smolt Condition in the Columbia River Basin. Technical Report, Volume 1. Evaluation of a Modified Feeding Strategy on Growth and Smoltification of Steelhead. |
| 1999 |
Schrock, R. M., P. V. Haner, K. M. Hans, J. W. Beeman, S. P. VanderKooi, J. D. Hotchkiss, P. A. Petrusso, S. G. Smith, and A. G. Maule. Assessment of smolt condition for travel time analysis. Annual report. |
| 1999 |
VanderKooi, S. P. and A. G. Maule. 1999. Incidence of Renibacterium salmoninarum in juvenile spring chinook salmon at Columbia and Snake River hatcheries: 1993-1996. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 11: 162-169. |
| 1999 |
Martinelli-Liedtke, T. L., R. S. Shively, G. S. Holmberg, M. B. Sheer, and R. M. Schrock. 1999. Nonlethal gill biopsy does not affect juvenile chinook salmon implanted with radio transmitters. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 19:856-859. |
| 1999 |
21st Smolt Workshop, sponsored with Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, December 6, 1999 hosted at the University of Washington School of Fisheries. Proceedings available upon request. |
| 1999 |
Completed hatchery data compilation and review for mid-Columbia federal hatcheries, analysis by University of Washington, School of Fisheries under BPA contract DE-B179-87BP35885, joint report in progress. |
| 1999 |
Technical research assistance for "Assessing summer and fall Chinook Salmon Restoration in the Clearwater, Lower Salmon, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha Rivers" project, Nez Perce Tribe and WDFW. |
| 1999 |
Technical research assistance for "Avian Predation in Oregon Estuaries and Juvenile Salmonid Migration" project. Oregon Cooperative Fishery Research Unit and ODFW. |
| 1999 |
Technical research assistance for "Evaluation of Procedures for Collection, Transportation, and Downstream Passage of Outmigrating Salmonids", Oregon Cooperative Fishery Research Unit and US Army Corps of Engineers. |
| 1999 |
Technical research assistance for "Survival Differences in Coho Salmon reared under Semi-natural Conditions and Standard Conditions in a Hatchery", WDFW Mitchell Act Hatchery Evaluation. |
| 1999 |
Technical research assistance for "The influence of genetic differences on the Survival and Emigration of Wenatchee River Steelhead Trout", WDFW and Chelan County PUD.
|
Section 3. Relationships to other projects
| Project ID | Title | Description |
|---|
Section 4. Budget for Planning and Design phase
Task-based budget
| Objective | Task | Duration in FYs | Estimated 2001 cost | Subcontractor |
|---|
Outyear objectives-based budget
| Objective | Starting FY | Ending FY | Estimated cost |
|---|
Outyear budgets for Planning and Design phase
Section 5. Budget for Construction and Implementation phase
Task-based budget
| Objective | Task | Duration in FYs | Estimated 2001 cost | Subcontractor |
|---|
Outyear objectives-based budget
| Objective | Starting FY | Ending FY | Estimated cost |
|---|
Outyear budgets for Construction and Implementation phase
Section 6. Budget for Operations and Maintenance phase
Task-based budget
| Objective | Task | Duration in FYs | Estimated 2001 cost | Subcontractor |
|---|
Outyear objectives-based budget
| Objective | Starting FY | Ending FY | Estimated cost |
|---|
Outyear budgets for Operations and Maintenance phase
Section 7. Budget for Monitoring and Evaluation phase
Task-based budget
| Objective | Task | Duration in FYs | Estimated 2001 cost | Subcontractor |
|---|
| 1. Investigate effects of rearing conditions and the environment on development in hatchery and wild/naturally spawning populations. |
a. Describe growth and immunological development in three water sources (at the same temperature).
b. Determine differences in disease resistance in three water sources.
c. Identify wild/natural and hatchery stocks, obtain ESA/state permits.
|
2001 |
$100,000 |
|
| 2. Compare effects of rearing conditions and the environment on long term survival. |
a. Determine long term seawater survival of smolts reared in different water sources.
b. Determine seawater survival of related wild and hatchery stock.
b. Establish marking protocol for adult returns. |
2005 |
$35,500 |
|
| 3. Maintain comprehensive database of juvenile salmonid physiology and adult survival |
a. Complete hatchery rearing/emigration factor investigation.
b. Develop a biologically and environmentally integrated, geospatial database framework from comprehensive database.
c. Assist hatcheries in development and maintenance of standardized data. |
2001 |
$80,000 |
|
| 4. Develop and evaluate indices of smoltification. |
a. Complete analysis and report of mucus lysozyme investigations related to early development and disease resistance. |
2001 |
$40,000 |
|
| 5. Provide technical assistance to cooperating agencies and BPA-funded projects. |
a. Provide technical assistance and analytical support to state, federal, and tribal fishery managers.
b. Organize annual regional smolt workshop to facilitate information exchange and post proceedings on BPA website. |
2001 |
$85,800 |
|
Outyear objectives-based budget
| Objective | Starting FY | Ending FY | Estimated cost |
|---|
Outyear budgets for Monitoring and Evaluation phase
| FY 2004 | FY 2005 | FY 2002 | FY 2003 |
|---|
| $255,000 | $255,000 | $341,300 | $428,800 |
Section 8. Estimated budget summary
Itemized budget
| Item | Note | FY 2001 cost |
|---|
| Personnel |
FTE: 3.5 |
$155,600 |
| Fringe |
0.30 |
$46,700 |
| Supplies |
|
$40,000 |
| Travel |
|
$5,000 |
| Indirect |
0.38 |
$94,000 |
| $341,300 |
Total estimated budget
| Total FY 2001 cost | $341,300 |
| Amount anticipated from previously committed BPA funds | $0 |
| Total FY 2001 budget request | $341,300 |
| FY 2001 forecast from 2000 | $206,000 |
| % change from forecast | 65.7% |
Reason for change in estimated budget
The goal of artificial production in the Columbia River basin has changed with increasing emphasis on the release of higher quality fish to increase long term survival, and with characteristics similar to wild fish. After inquiries by hatchery managers about the use of new enhanced diets toward this end, we developed a hatchery production study to answer two uncertainties related to differential disease resistance between hatchery and wild fish. This production level study requires additional funds to cover materials and time 1) to evaluate of the effects of naturally occurring immunostimulants in the rearing water on development and long term disease resistance, and 2) to compare development between wild and hatchery fish to determine critical life stages when genetic selection may occur due to differences in disease resistance.
Reason for change in scope
Our technical research assistance activities respond to inquiries by regional fisheries agencies and hatchery managers. The basis for differences in survival between hatchery and wild fish has not been explained. Effects of naturally occurring immunostimulants in source water, and promotion of enhanced feeds by production feed manufacturers are two areas of practical concern because both may influence growth, disease resistance, and survival. Differences found between the water treatment groups will prescribe changes in hatchery rearing protocols to further the release of more disease resistant fish and to help determine if diet enhancement to improve disease resistance is justified.
Cost sharing
| Organization | Item or service provided | Amount | Cash or in-kind |
|---|
Reviews and recommendations
This information was not provided on the original proposals, but was generated during the review process.
Recommendation:
Ongoing Funding: yes; New Funding: no
Date:
Jul 14, 2000
Comment:
This project has changed significantly. Although it continues to perform similar studies, it is difficult to decipher new studies from ongoing studies. Dramatic increases in several objectives raises concern among the MainSys SRT reviewers also (i.e. Provide technical assistance to regional fish and wildlife managers cost $20,000 in FY00 and $85,000 in FY01). The proposed studies have not been reviewed by the MainSys SRT and appear to need further technical review.The following explanation would indicate that new research studies would be initiated in FY 2001: "The goal of artificial production in the Columbia River basin has changed with increasing emphasis on the release of higher quality fish to increase long term survival, and with characteristics similar to wild fish. After inquiries by hatchery managers about the use of new enhanced diets toward this end, we developed a hatchery production study to answer two uncertainties related to differential disease resistance between hatchery and wild fish. This production level study requires additional funds to cover materials and time 1) to evaluate of the effects of naturally occurring immunostimulants in the rearing water on development and long term disease resistance, and 2) to compare development between wild and hatchery fish to determine critical life stages when genetic selection may occur due to differences in disease resistance.
Our technical research assistance activities respond to inquiries by regional fisheries agencies and hatchery managers. The basis for differences in survival between hatchery and wild fish has not been explained. Effects of naturally occurring immunostimulants in source water, and promotion of enhanced feeds by production feed manufacturers are two areas of practical concern because both may influence growth, disease resistance, and survival. Differences found between the water treatment groups will prescribe changes in hatchery rearing protocols to further the release of more disease resistant fish and to help determine if diet enhancement to improve disease resistance is justified."
Recommendation:
Date:
Sep 8, 2000
Comment:
CBFWA comment: This project has changed significantly. Although it continues to perform similar studies, it is difficult to decipher new studies from ongoing studies. Dramatic increases in several objectives raise concern among the MainSys SRT reviewers also (i.e., provide technical assistance to regional fish and wildlife managers cost $20,000 in FY00 and $85,000 in FY01). The proposed studies have not been reviewed by the MainSys SRT and appear to need further technical review.
The following explanation would indicate that new research studies would be initiated in FY 2001: "The goal of artificial production in the Columbia River basin has changed with increasing emphasis on the release of higher quality fish to increase long term survival, and with characteristics similar to wild fish. After inquiries by hatchery managers about the use of new enhanced diets toward this end, we developed a hatchery production study to answer two uncertainties related to differential disease resistance between hatchery and wild fish. This production level study requires additional funds to cover materials and time 1) to evaluate of the effects of naturally occurring immunostimulants in the rearing water on development and long term disease resistance, and 2) to compare development between wild and hatchery fish to determine critical life stages when genetic selection may occur due to differences in disease resistance.
Our technical research assistance activities respond to inquiries by regional fisheries agencies and hatchery managers. The basis for differences in survival between hatchery and wild fish has not been explained. Effects of naturally occurring immunostimulants in source water, and promotion of enhanced feeds by production feed manufacturers are two areas of practical concern because both may influence growth, disease resistance, and survival. Differences found between the water treatment groups will prescribe changes in hatchery rearing protocols to further the release of more disease resistant fish and to help determine if diet enhancement to improve disease resistance is justified."
BPA response: BPA supports the increases in requested funding to maintain the capability of having project 198740100 respond to increasing requests from regional fisheries agencies for technical assistance in collaborative studies and analyses related to smolt condition. The technical reports and publications produced by this project are very commendable and this project continues to perform an important role for the FWP by providing consistency in technical assistance, research methods, analysis and reporting of results to regional fisheries agencies, hatchery programs, and smolt evaluation projects. Maintaining this capability contributes to consistency in reporting and the transfer of institutional learning and understanding of the interactions of the physiological condition of Columbia River wild and hatchery-reared salmonid and steelhead stocks with the environment and survival from emergence through adult returns. It is important to maintain this project and its technical capabilities to assist research monitoring and evaluation and the implementation of the recommendations that came out of the 1999 Artificial Production Review.
Recommendation:
Fund
Date:
Sep 13, 2000
Comment: